高中英语倒装句 教学总结(译林牛津版英语高考复习)

在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常的主语在前，谓语在后。但有时为了强调某一部分，或适应一定的语法结构的需要，而把谓语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面，这种情况叫“倒装”(Inversin)。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时

倒装的分类

（一）、 全部倒装--主语与谓语动词倒装

结构：谓语动词+主语

Dn fell the rain

（二）、 部分倒装--主语与助动词/情态动词/系动词倒装

结构：助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语+谓语动词

Never have I heard suh a thing

（三）、形式倒装

形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是，只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。

结构：强调的内容+主语+谓语动词

hat an interesting talk they had!

The re yu listen t English, the easier it bees

（一）全部倒装

1 There be 句型(be可换成 live, stand, lie, e, exist, see, appear 等)

There are s any ars ing and ging n the rad

There still exist se prbles

句型 There is n need t d…

There is n dubt that…

There is n kning telling …

2 在here, there, n, then, thus引导的句子里, 要全部倒装

Here es yur head teaher

Here he es主语是人称代词不用倒装

3当in, ut, dn, up, ver, aay, ff, bak等副词作状语置于句首时，谓语常用动词有e, g, rush, be, lie, run,等不及物动词。

Up fle the bird

ut rushed the students

4表地点的介词状语位于句首

Under the tree __ sits a beautiful girl, reading ___

Suth f the ity ___ lies a paper-aking plant ____

Eventually they arrived at a ave, in frnt f hih __ std a tree __

5表语提前

1)表语为介词短语

Ang the gds are hristas trees, flers, andles and tys

2)表语为形容词

Present at the eeting ere Prfessr hite and any ther guests

3)表语为过去分词

Seated n the grund are a grup f yung peple

4)表语为进行时态中的现在分词

Lying n the flr as a by

Standing beside the desk as a teaher

Gring alng the rad are se ild flers

6 Suh 置于句首时，suh和be连用作表语，也常用倒装语序，如：

Suh are the fats

Suh a great sientist is Yuan Lngping

此句型中的suh 多被认为是表语，所以suh后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。如：

Suh are the fats; n ne an deny the

（二）部分倒装

把be/助动词/情态动词 提前到主语的前面

Is a are as ere

d des did

an uld uld ay ill ight 等

1nly所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时, 要进行部分倒装,如：

nly then did I realize the iprtane f learning English

nly in this ay an yu hpe t iprve the situatin there

nly after he ae bak as I able t see hi

注：nly修饰主语，仍用自然语序，如：

nly sialis an save hina

使用特点：

（1）在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。如：

（F) nly after the ar learned he the sad nes

(T) nly after the ar did he learn the sad nes

(2) nly修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。如：

（F) nly hen did he return did e find ur the truth

(T) nly hen he returned did e find ur the truth

（3）nly 修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：

（F) nly an he anser the questin

(T) nly he an anser the questin

2 否定副词 never ,nr, nt, seld, hardly, little, sarely, rarely nhere及表否定意义的介词短语 by n eans, at n tie, under/in n irustanes, in n ase, n n nditin等置于句首时 。

如：

I have never seen suh a beautiful plae

Never have I seen suh a beautiful plae

Nt a single istake did he ake= He didn’t ake a single istake

Hardly d I think it pssible t finish the jb befre dark

=I hardly think it pssible t finish the jb befre dark

3、六个重要的固定句型

（1）… s+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 “……也是如此”

They lve having lts f friends; s d I

使用特点：

A 此句型也可写成“it is the sae ith…”, 或“s it is ith…”如：

They lve having lts f friends; it is the sae ith thse ith disabilities/s it is ith thse ith disabilities

B如果句意不是 “……也是如此 ”,而仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和（此时的s=indeed),那么，句子不可使用倒装。试比较：

a I as afraid (句中的I指的是a)

b S as I (I 指的是b, 此句意为：I as afraid, t)

a I as afraid （I指的是a)

b S yu ere (yu 指的也是a。此句意为： Indeed yu ere afraid)

(2) …neither (或nr)+ be/助动词/情态动词+主语，“……也不这样”

Lily an’t ride a biyle; neither (或nr）an Luy

使用特点：

A此句型也可写成“it is the sae ith…”，或“s it is ith…”

Lily an’t ride; it is the sae ith Luy/ s it is ith Luy

B此句型中的neither (或nr)不可用s…nt 替代，但可用nt…either改写。如：

（F) I have never been abrad S hasn’t he

(T) I have never been abrad Neither/ Nr has he

(T) I have never been abrad He has never/nt been abrad, either

（3）由ssuhthat引导的表示程度的状语从句，将其放于句首表示强调

S +adj/adv …that…“ 如此…以至于…”。

S learly des he speak English that he an alays ake hiself understd

使用特点：

在这个句型中，s 后面的句子要倒装，而that引导的句子不倒装。

（4）Neither…, nr… “…不…, …也不…”。

Neither d I kn it, nr d I are abut it

由于neither 和nr 都是否定词，所以它们后面分句均需倒装。

此类倒装用于重复前句部分内容

前句是肯定句用S 某人/某事也是

前句是否定句用neither ，nr 某人/某事也不是

倒装句中的谓语应与前句的谓语时态形态一致

（5）Nt nly…, but als “不仅…而且…”。

Nt nly ill help be given t peple t find jbs, but als edial treatent ill be prvided fr peple h need it

此句型也可写成Nt nly…but …或Nt nly…but…as ell的形式，但but (als)引导的句子必须用正常语序。

（6）Nt until… “直到…才……”。

Nt until he returned did e have supper

使用特点：

A这句话可以改写成：e didn’t have supper until he returned 再如：

Nt until 4:00 in the rning an he fall asleep

=He an’t fall asleep until 4:00 in the rning

B如果nt until 引导的是句子，until从句的主谓不可倒装，只是主句需要倒装。

4、If 虚拟条件从句中 if省略时,had/ ere/shuld等要与主语倒装。从句有(ere/shuld/had)

（1）If I ere yu, I uld rk hard

ere I yu, I uld rk hard

（2) If it shuld rain trr, e uld put ff ur eeting

Shuld it rain trr, e uld put ff ur eeting

（3）If he had flled y advie, he uld have sueeded

Had he flled y advie, he uld have sueeded

If it ere nt fr his teaher’s help, he uld never graduate fr this high shl

ere it nt fr his teaher’s help, he uld never graduate fr this high shl

注意：我们可以说ere it nt或者Had it nt been, 但不可以说eren’ t it 或者hadn’t it been

5在 hardly/sarely/…hen； n sner…than; nt nly … but als；sthat; suh…that 的倒装句中，前倒后不倒

hardly/sarely/ n sner后句子的谓语用had dne, hen/than后句子的谓语用一般过去时

(1) Hardly / Sarely had he fallen asleep hen a lud knk at the dr aaked hi

(2) N sner had I reahed the statin than train ved

(3) Nt nly is he interested in ftball but als he plays it ell

S hard des he rk that he has ade great prgress in English

6在以ften, alays, ne, any a tie, n and then,等作状语的频度副词位于句首时。

ften did I speak f hi befre

any a tie has he helped e ith y experient

(三）形式倒装

形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是，只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。这样的结构非常多，但有几个重要的句型需要特别注意：

1、感叹句

hat an interesting talk they had!

H interesting their talk is !

使用特点：

对名词（或中心词是名词）感叹时，用hat引导；对形容词或副词感叹时，用h引导。

2、the re…the re…句型

The re yu listen t English, the easier it bees

使用特点：

（1）此句型中的re代表的是形容词或副词的比较级，要灵活使用。

The harder yu rk, the greater prgress yu ill ake

（2）此句型中的第一个the re 引导的部分相当于一个条件状语从句；第二个the re引导的部分相当于一个主句。所以，上面例句的意思实质上就是： If yu rk harder, yu ill ake greater prgress

3、hatever/hever引导的让步状语从句

Hever diffiult the prble ay be, e ust rk it ut this evening

使用特点：

hatever 后面常接名词；用hever时常构成以下形式：

Hever+形容词/副词+主语+…

hatever reasns yu have, yu shuld arry ut yur prise

4、as, thugh引导让步状语从句时采用倒装形式的情况

名词形容词副词分词+as hugh+主语+其他

动词原形+as/thugh+主语+情态动词/助动词

（1）表语的倒装

Tired as/thugh he as, he still ent n ith his rk

Strange as/ thugh it sees, it is true

Exhausted as/ thugh she as, she asn’t able t sleep

hild as he is, he has t ake a living

注意：从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词

（2）谓语动词的倒装

Try as he ight, he didn’t pass the exa

Searh as they uld here and there, they uld find nthing in the r

（3) 状语的倒装

uh as he likes the bike, he desn’t ant t buy it

Hard as I studied, I uld nt ath up ith the

（4）分词的倒装

Surrunded thugh he as by the eney, he as nt afraid

注意：如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。如：

Yungest as he is in ur lass, he speaks English the best

5、 祝愿语

ay yu sueed!

ay yu be happy!

ay peae return t the trubled land!

Lng live the Peple’s Republi f hina!

其他情况

直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。

“Very ell,” said the Frenh student

“Bring e t eggs and a up f tea, please” added the uster